What vaccinations does my pregnant mare need? Ensuring your pregnant mare receives the correct vaccinations is crucial for her health and the health of her foal. Vaccinations help prevent diseases that can be harmful or even fatal. Key vaccines include those for equine herpesvirus, tetanus, and influenza.
Why Are Vaccinations Important for Pregnant Mares?
Vaccinations protect both the mare and her unborn foal from infectious diseases. During pregnancy, a mare can pass on antibodies to her foal, providing essential immunity during the first few months of life. This is especially important because foals are vulnerable to diseases until they are old enough to receive their own vaccinations.
What Are the Core Vaccinations for Pregnant Mares?
Core vaccinations are essential for all horses, including pregnant mares. These vaccines protect against diseases that are widespread and have significant health impacts.
- Tetanus: Caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria found in soil, tetanus can be fatal. Vaccinate mares 4-6 weeks before foaling to boost antibody levels in colostrum.
- Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (EEE/WEE): These mosquito-borne viruses cause severe neurological disease. Vaccinate annually, ideally 4-6 weeks before foaling.
- West Nile Virus: Another mosquito-borne disease, it causes neurological symptoms. Annual vaccination is recommended, with timing similar to EEE/WEE.
- Rabies: Although rare, rabies is fatal. Vaccinate mares annually, ideally before foaling.
What Additional Vaccinations Might Be Necessary?
In addition to core vaccines, some additional vaccinations are recommended based on regional risks and specific circumstances.
- Equine Herpesvirus (EHV-1): This virus can cause abortions in pregnant mares. Vaccinate at the 5th, 7th, and 9th months of pregnancy.
- Equine Influenza: Highly contagious, influenza can cause respiratory issues. If there’s a risk of exposure, vaccinate 4-6 weeks before foaling.
- Rotavirus: If rotavirus is present on the farm, vaccinate to protect the foal from diarrhea. Administer the vaccine during the 8th, 9th, and 10th months of pregnancy.
How to Develop a Vaccination Schedule for Your Pregnant Mare
Creating a vaccination schedule ensures timely administration of vaccines for optimal protection. Consult with your veterinarian to tailor a plan based on your mare’s health, previous vaccination history, and local disease prevalence.
Example Vaccination Schedule
| Vaccine | Timing Before Foaling | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Tetanus | 4-6 weeks | Annually |
| EEE/WEE | 4-6 weeks | Annually |
| West Nile Virus | 4-6 weeks | Annually |
| Rabies | Before foaling | Annually |
| EHV-1 | 5th, 7th, 9th months | During pregnancy |
| Equine Influenza | 4-6 weeks | Based on risk |
| Rotavirus | 8th, 9th, 10th months | Based on risk |
What Are the Risks of Not Vaccinating a Pregnant Mare?
Failing to vaccinate can leave your mare and her foal vulnerable to serious diseases. Unvaccinated mares may experience complications during pregnancy, and foals may lack the necessary antibodies to fight off infections in their early life.
Are There Any Risks Associated with Vaccinating Pregnant Mares?
Vaccinations are generally safe for pregnant mares, but mild side effects like swelling at the injection site can occur. Always consult with a veterinarian to ensure the vaccines are suitable for your mare’s condition.
People Also Ask
What should I do if my mare shows side effects after vaccination?
If your mare exhibits side effects such as swelling, lethargy, or fever, contact your veterinarian immediately. Most side effects are mild and resolve quickly, but it’s important to monitor her condition.
Can I administer vaccines myself?
While some horse owners administer vaccines, it’s recommended to have a veterinarian perform vaccinations, especially for pregnant mares, to ensure proper handling and administration.
How do vaccines benefit the foal?
Vaccinated mares pass antibodies to their foals through colostrum, providing initial immunity against diseases. This protection is crucial until the foal can receive its own vaccinations.
What other health measures should I take during my mare’s pregnancy?
In addition to vaccinations, ensure your mare has a balanced diet, regular veterinary check-ups, and a stress-free environment. Deworming and dental care are also important.
When should foals start their vaccination schedule?
Foals typically begin their vaccination schedule at 4-6 months of age, depending on the mare’s vaccination status and the foal’s health. Consult your veterinarian for a tailored plan.
Conclusion
Vaccinating your pregnant mare is a vital step in safeguarding her health and the health of her foal. By following a comprehensive vaccination schedule and consulting with your veterinarian, you can ensure that both mare and foal are protected against common and potentially severe diseases. For more information on equine health, explore topics like foal care and equine nutrition to enhance your mare’s pregnancy experience.