What is strangles in horses and how is it prevented?

Strangles is a highly contagious equine disease caused by the bacterium Streptococcus equi. It primarily affects the upper respiratory tract of horses, leading to symptoms such as fever, nasal discharge, and swollen lymph nodes. Preventing strangles involves a combination of vaccination, biosecurity measures, and early detection.

What Are the Symptoms of Strangles in Horses?

Strangles can manifest in various ways, but common symptoms include:

• Fever: One of the earliest signs, often exceeding 103°F.
• Nasal Discharge: Thick, yellowish pus from the nostrils.
• Swollen Lymph Nodes: Particularly around the throat, which may abscess and burst.
• Difficulty Swallowing: Due to swollen lymph nodes.
• Coughing: Less common but can occur.

How Is Strangles Diagnosed?

Veterinarians typically diagnose strangles through clinical examination and laboratory tests. These may include:

• Culture Tests: Swabs from nasal discharge or abscesses to identify Streptococcus equi.
• PCR Testing: Detects bacterial DNA, providing rapid and accurate results.
• Blood Tests: May be used to assess the horse’s immune response.

How Can Strangles Be Prevented?

Preventing strangles requires a multi-faceted approach:

1. Vaccination:

   • Administer strangles vaccines to reduce the severity and spread of the disease.
   • Vaccines are typically given to horses at risk of exposure, such as those in boarding facilities or show environments.

2. Biosecurity Measures:

   • Isolate new or returning horses for at least two weeks.
   • Implement strict hygiene practices, including regular disinfection of equipment and facilities.
   • Limit horse-to-horse contact, especially with those showing symptoms.

3. Early Detection and Quarantine:

   • Regularly monitor horses for symptoms.
   • Quarantine affected animals immediately to prevent the spread.

What Are the Treatment Options for Strangles?

Treatment focuses on supportive care, as antibiotics are often not recommended unless complications arise:

• Rest and Isolation: Essential to prevent spreading the infection.
• Hydration and Nutrition: Ensure horses have access to water and soft feed.
• Pain Management: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can alleviate discomfort.
• Surgical Intervention: In severe cases, abscesses may need to be drained.

What Are the Complications of Strangles?

While most horses recover fully, complications can occur:

• Bastard Strangles: The infection spreads to other body parts, such as the lungs or abdomen.
• Purpura Hemorrhagica: An immune-mediated condition causing swelling and bleeding.
• Chronic Carrier State: Some horses may harbor the bacteria without showing symptoms, posing a risk to others.

How Long Is the Recovery Period for Strangles?

Recovery typically takes several weeks, depending on the severity. Horses should be isolated until they are symptom-free and have tested negative for the bacteria.

People Also Ask

How Long Can Strangles Bacteria Survive in the Environment?

Strangles bacteria can survive in the environment for several weeks, especially in moist, cool conditions. Regular cleaning and disinfection of stables and equipment are crucial to minimize the risk of transmission.

Can Humans Contract Strangles from Horses?

Strangles is primarily an equine disease and is not considered a zoonotic threat to humans. However, good hygiene practices should always be followed when handling infected horses.

Is There a Cure for Strangles?

There is no cure for strangles, but supportive care and management can help affected horses recover. Most horses develop immunity after infection, reducing the likelihood of reinfection.

How Effective Are Strangles Vaccines?

Strangles vaccines can reduce the severity and spread of the disease but may not completely prevent it. Vaccination is most effective when combined with other preventive measures.

What Should I Do if My Horse Shows Symptoms of Strangles?

If your horse exhibits symptoms of strangles, contact a veterinarian immediately. Isolate the horse from others and follow the vet’s guidance on treatment and biosecurity measures.

Conclusion

Strangles is a serious but manageable disease in horses. By understanding the symptoms, implementing preventive measures, and responding promptly to outbreaks, horse owners can protect their animals and reduce the spread of this contagious disease. For more information on equine health, consider exploring topics such as equine influenza, horse vaccination schedules, and biosecurity practices in horse stables.