What are the small strongyles in horses?

Small strongyles, also known as cyathostomins, are a type of parasitic worm commonly found in horses. They inhabit the large intestine and can cause significant health issues if not managed properly. Understanding small strongyles is crucial for maintaining your horse’s health and preventing potential complications.

What Are Small Strongyles in Horses?

Small strongyles, scientifically referred to as cyathostomins, are intestinal parasites that affect horses. These parasites are prevalent worldwide and are a major concern for horse owners due to their impact on equine health. They can cause gastrointestinal disturbances, weight loss, and colic, particularly in young or immunocompromised horses.

How Do Small Strongyles Affect Horses?

Small strongyles primarily affect the large intestine of horses, where they attach to the intestinal lining. This can lead to:

• Gastrointestinal disturbances: Diarrhea and colic are common symptoms.
• Weight loss and poor condition: Infestations can result in reduced nutrient absorption.
• Larval cyathostominosis: A severe condition where large numbers of larvae emerge from the intestinal wall, causing inflammation.

Life Cycle of Small Strongyles

Understanding the life cycle of small strongyles is essential for effective management. Their life cycle includes the following stages:

1. Eggs in feces: Adult worms lay eggs that are passed out in the horse’s feces.
2. Larvae development: Eggs hatch into larvae in the environment.
3. Ingestion by horse: Horses ingest larvae while grazing.
4. Larvae encystment: Ingested larvae encyst in the intestinal wall and can remain dormant for months.
5. Emergence and maturation: Larvae eventually emerge to mature into adult worms.

How to Diagnose Small Strongyles in Horses?

Diagnosing small strongyles involves several methods:

• Fecal egg count (FEC): This test measures the number of eggs per gram of feces, indicating the level of infestation.
• Fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT): Used to assess the effectiveness of deworming treatments.
• Clinical signs: Observing symptoms such as diarrhea, weight loss, and colic can suggest an infestation.

Treatment and Management of Small Strongyles

Effective management of small strongyles requires a strategic approach:

• Regular deworming: Use anthelmintics such as ivermectin or moxidectin. Rotate classes of dewormers to prevent resistance.
• Pasture management: Rotate pastures and avoid overgrazing to reduce exposure.
• Regular fecal testing: Monitor FEC to tailor deworming schedules.

Preventing Small Strongyle Infestations

Prevention is key to managing small strongyles:

• Implement a deworming schedule: Tailor based on FEC results.
• Maintain clean pastures: Regularly remove manure to reduce larvae.
• Educate horse handlers: Ensure everyone involved in horse care understands best practices.

People Also Ask

How Often Should Horses Be Dewormed for Small Strongyles?

Horses should be dewormed 2-4 times a year, depending on their FEC results. Consult with a veterinarian to establish a tailored deworming plan.

Can Small Strongyles Cause Colic in Horses?

Yes, small strongyles can cause colic, especially during larval emergence from the intestinal wall. This can lead to inflammation and discomfort.

What Are the Symptoms of Small Strongyles in Horses?

Symptoms include diarrhea, weight loss, poor coat condition, and colic. In severe cases, larval cyathostominosis can occur.

Are There Natural Ways to Control Small Strongyles?

While some natural remedies like diatomaceous earth and garlic are suggested, their effectiveness is not scientifically proven. Regular veterinary care remains essential.

How Do Small Strongyles Develop Resistance to Dewormers?

Overuse and incorrect dosing of dewormers can lead to resistance. Rotating dewormer classes and using them judiciously can help mitigate this issue.

Conclusion

Small strongyles pose a significant health risk to horses, but with proper management and prevention strategies, their impact can be minimized. Regular fecal testing, strategic deworming, and pasture management are vital components of an effective control program. For personalized advice, always consult with a veterinarian to ensure the health and well-being of your horse.

For more information on equine health, consider exploring topics such as equine nutrition and common horse diseases.