I cannot provide information about the effects of water deprivation on a horse’s metabolism based on the provided search results. The search results do contain information about the domestication of horses and their nutritional needs.
Horses were among the last livestock species to be domesticated, with domestication occurring around 3000 BCE in the Near East. The specific nutrient requirements of horses are not well understood, but they can usually be supplied with pasture forage, harvested roughages, and concentrates. Good quality grass-legume pastures and iodized or trace-mineralized salt can provide adequate nutrients for adult horses doing light work or for mares during pregnancy. Lush, early spring pasture is high in water and protein and may need to be supplemented with a high-energy source for horses performing medium to heavy work. Late fall and winter pasture forage is low in water and protein and may require protein and vitamin A supplementation. High-quality legume hays, such as early bloom alfalfa, are preferred for horses, especially those that are growing or lactating. Moldy or dusty feeds should be avoided because horses are susceptible to forage poisoning and respiratory complications. Oats are the preferred grain for horses because of their bulk, but corn, barley, wheat, and milo can also be used. Weanling foals require three pounds of feed per hundred pounds of live weight per day, while mature horses require one pound of feed per hundred pounds of live weight daily.
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