Incitatus, the horse of Roman Emperor Caligula, was not actually appointed to the Roman Senate. Although historical accounts suggest Caligula planned to make his horse a senator, there is no concrete evidence that this ever occurred. This story is often cited to illustrate Caligula’s eccentricity and the excesses of his reign.
Did Caligula Really Plan to Appoint His Horse to the Senate?
The tale of Incitatus, Caligula’s beloved horse, is a fascinating anecdote from Roman history. While the idea of a horse serving as a senator seems absurd, it highlights the peculiarities of Caligula’s rule. Historical sources such as Suetonius and Cassius Dio mention Caligula’s intentions but provide no definitive proof that the appointment was realized.
Why Did Caligula Consider Appointing Incitatus?
Caligula’s consideration to appoint Incitatus to the Senate can be seen as a reflection of his disdain for the political elite. By elevating a horse to such a prestigious position, Caligula may have been mocking the Senate, emphasizing his absolute power and the futility of the senatorial body. This act was likely more symbolic than serious, intended to demonstrate his control over Rome.
How Did Incitatus Live?
Incitatus was treated with extraordinary luxury, enjoying privileges that even some Roman citizens could not imagine. According to Suetonius, the horse had a stable made of marble, an ivory manger, and purple blankets. Incitatus was even said to have been fed oats mixed with gold flakes, underscoring Caligula’s indulgent lifestyle.
Was Incitatus a Symbol of Caligula’s Madness?
The story of Incitatus is often used to illustrate Caligula’s alleged madness. However, some historians argue that Caligula’s actions were calculated provocations. By threatening to appoint a horse to the Senate, Caligula could have been highlighting the incompetence of the senators, suggesting that even a horse could perform their duties.
What Does This Story Tell Us About Roman Politics?
The tale of Incitatus offers insights into the political climate of ancient Rome. It underscores the tensions between the emperor and the Senate, as well as the theatrical nature of Roman politics. Caligula’s reign was marked by excess and spectacle, with Incitatus serving as a symbol of his audacity.
People Also Ask
Did Caligula Make Other Unusual Appointments?
Yes, Caligula was known for making several unusual appointments and decisions during his reign. He appointed his favorite racehorse Incitatus as a priest and allegedly planned to make him a consul. These actions were part of a broader pattern of eccentric behavior that characterized Caligula’s rule.
How Did Caligula’s Reign End?
Caligula’s reign ended abruptly when he was assassinated in 41 CE. His tyrannical and erratic behavior had alienated many, including members of the Praetorian Guard, who ultimately orchestrated his assassination. Caligula’s death marked the end of his tumultuous and controversial rule.
What Happened to Incitatus After Caligula’s Death?
There is little historical record about what happened to Incitatus following Caligula’s assassination. Given that Incitatus was closely associated with Caligula, it is likely that the horse’s privileged status ended with the emperor’s death. The new regime would have had little interest in maintaining the extravagant lifestyle of Caligula’s horse.
How Reliable Are the Sources on Caligula and Incitatus?
The primary sources on Caligula and Incitatus, such as Suetonius and Cassius Dio, were written after Caligula’s death and are often considered biased. These historians had their own perspectives and agendas, which can affect the accuracy of their accounts. As a result, while their writings provide valuable insights, they should be interpreted with caution.
What Lessons Can We Learn from the Story of Incitatus?
The story of Incitatus serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of absolute power and the potential for leaders to become disconnected from reality. It highlights the importance of checks and balances in governance and the need for leaders to remain grounded and accountable.
Conclusion
The legend of Incitatus as a Roman senator is a captivating story that continues to capture the imagination. Although there is no evidence that Incitatus was ever officially appointed, the tale serves as a powerful symbol of Caligula’s eccentric rule and the excesses of ancient Roman politics. By examining this story, we gain insights into the dynamics of power, the nature of leadership, and the enduring impact of historical narratives.
For more on Roman history and the intriguing tales of its emperors, consider exploring the lives of other notorious figures like Nero or Commodus.