How does the consumption of lush grass increase the risk of laminitis?

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Laminitis, or founder, is the inflammation and damage to the laminae within the hoof of animals like horses and cows, often triggered by dietary issues such as rich grass intake. This condition can cause extreme pain and may even be fatal.

How Does Lush Grass Trigger Laminitis?

Lush grass can significantly increase the risk of laminitis in horses due to its high concentration of sugars and carbohydrates, particularly fructans. When a horse consumes large amounts of these substances, especially rapidly in the spring or after rainfall, it can overwhelm the digestive system.

The Role of Fructans

Fructans are types of sugars that are highly prevalent in cool-season grasses. Horses lack the enzymes necessary to break down fructans in the small intestine. As a result, these undigested carbohydrates move into the large intestine (hindgut), where they are fermented by bacteria.

Disruption of Gut Microbiome

The rapid fermentation of fructans leads to a sudden increase in lactic acid production, which lowers the pH in the hindgut. This acidic environment causes a die-off of beneficial bacteria and the proliferation of harmful bacteria. The imbalance, known as dysbiosis, results in the release of toxins, such as endotoxins, into the bloodstream.

Inflammatory Response

Endotoxins trigger a systemic inflammatory response. This inflammation affects the laminae, the sensitive tissues that attach the hoof to the coffin bone. Inflammation and damage to the laminae weaken this attachment, potentially leading to rotation or sinking of the coffin bone within the hoof.

Insulin Dysregulation

The consumption of lush grass can also lead to insulin dysregulation, a common factor in laminitis cases. High levels of sugars and carbohydrates in the grass can cause excessive insulin release. Over time, this can lead to insulin resistance, where the horse’s cells become less responsive to insulin. Insulin dysregulation further exacerbates inflammation and contributes to the development of laminitis.

Practical Management Tips

To mitigate the risk of laminitis associated with lush grass consumption:

• Limit Grazing Time: Restrict the amount of time horses spend grazing on lush pastures, especially during peak growth periods.
• Use Grazing Muzzles: Implement grazing muzzles to reduce grass intake while still allowing turnout.
• Dry Lot Turnout: Provide alternative turnout options such as dry lots or paddocks with limited or no grass.
• Monitor Sugar Levels: Be aware of the sugar content in the grass, which tends to be higher in the spring and after rainfall.
• Regular Exercise: Encourage regular exercise to help manage weight and improve insulin sensitivity.

People Also Ask (PAA) Section

What are the early signs of laminitis?

Early signs of laminitis include lameness (especially after exercise), increased digital pulse in the hoof, and heat in the hooves. Horses may also exhibit a "shifting weight" stance to relieve pressure on affected hooves.

How is laminitis diagnosed?

Laminitis is typically diagnosed through a physical examination by a veterinarian, including assessment of hoof temperature, digital pulse, and stance. Radiographs (X-rays) may be used to evaluate the position of the coffin bone within the hoof.

Can laminitis be prevented?

Yes, laminitis can often be prevented through careful management of diet and lifestyle. This includes limiting access to lush pastures, managing weight, providing regular exercise, and ensuring a balanced diet with appropriate mineral and vitamin supplementation.

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