Incitatus, the horse of Roman Emperor Caligula, became famous due to the emperor’s eccentric behavior and the extravagant treatment he bestowed upon the animal. Caligula’s peculiar affection for Incitatus included lavish gifts and even plans to make him a consul, highlighting the emperor’s notorious reign.
What Made Incitatus Famous During Caligula’s Rule?
Incitatus gained fame primarily because of the bizarre and extravagant attention he received from Caligula. The emperor’s behavior towards the horse was emblematic of his eccentric and often erratic rule over Rome.
- Lavish Lifestyle: Incitatus was reportedly housed in a stable of marble, with an ivory manger, and adorned with purple blankets and jeweled collars.
- Extravagant Feasts: Caligula is said to have fed Incitatus oats mixed with gold flakes, further illustrating the opulence.
- Political Ambitions: Perhaps most famously, Caligula allegedly planned to make Incitatus a consul, a move that has been interpreted as a sign of either madness or a satirical critique of the Roman Senate.
Why Did Caligula Favor Incitatus?
Caligula’s favoritism towards Incitatus can be seen as a reflection of his desire to demonstrate power and control. By elevating a horse to a position of prominence, Caligula might have been mocking the political establishment or showcasing his absolute authority.
- Mocking the Senate: Some historians suggest that Caligula’s actions were intended to ridicule the Roman Senate, highlighting their ineffectiveness by suggesting that even a horse could perform their duties.
- Symbol of Power: Incitatus served as a symbol of Caligula’s wealth and power, reinforcing his image as a ruler who could afford to indulge in such whims.
How Did Incitatus’s Fame Impact Caligula’s Reputation?
The treatment of Incitatus contributed significantly to Caligula’s reputation as a tyrannical and unpredictable ruler. His actions were often perceived as a sign of madness and excess, affecting how he was viewed both by contemporaries and later historians.
- Public Perception: The stories about Incitatus fueled the perception of Caligula as a ruler disconnected from reality, indulging in excess while neglecting his duties.
- Historical Accounts: Ancient historians like Suetonius and Cassius Dio documented these tales, cementing Caligula’s image as a capricious leader in the annals of history.
Examples of Caligula’s Eccentric Behavior
Caligula’s reign was marked by numerous instances of eccentric and extravagant behavior, with the story of Incitatus being just one example.
- Building Projects: Caligula embarked on grandiose construction projects, such as the construction of the Nemi ships, massive floating palaces on Lake Nemi.
- Divine Status: He declared himself a god and demanded to be worshipped, even building temples in his honor.
- Public Spectacles: Caligula was known for organizing elaborate games and spectacles, often participating in them himself.
People Also Ask
Did Caligula Really Make Incitatus a Consul?
While Caligula reportedly planned to make Incitatus a consul, there is no historical evidence to suggest that this actually occurred. The story is likely exaggerated or symbolic, reflecting Caligula’s contempt for the Senate.
What Was the Purpose of Caligula’s Actions with Incitatus?
Caligula’s actions with Incitatus were likely intended to mock the political system and demonstrate his absolute power. By elevating a horse, he highlighted the perceived incompetence of the Senate.
How Did Caligula’s Reign End?
Caligula’s reign ended in assassination. In AD 41, he was killed by members of the Praetorian Guard, who were dissatisfied with his rule and excesses.
What Other Animals Were Famous in Ancient Rome?
Other famous animals in ancient Rome included lions and elephants used in gladiatorial games, as well as exotic beasts displayed in public spectacles.
How Is Caligula Remembered Today?
Caligula is remembered as one of Rome’s most infamous emperors, known for his tyranny, extravagance, and eccentricities. His reign is often cited as an example of the dangers of absolute power.
Conclusion
Incitatus became a symbol of Caligula’s eccentric rule, illustrating the emperor’s penchant for extravagance and his complex relationship with power. While the stories surrounding Incitatus may be exaggerated, they remain a fascinating glimpse into the peculiarities of Roman imperial history. For those interested in exploring more about Roman emperors, consider delving into the reigns of Nero and Commodus, who also left indelible marks on history.