Probiotics, live microorganisms such as bacteria or yeast, may potentially aid in preventing and treating certain health conditions, especially gastrointestinal disorders. Research suggests they may offer modest benefits for specific diarrheal diseases and in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea in both children and adults. However, for most people at risk or affected by conditions like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, probiotics show little detectable benefit.
Can Probiotics Improve Mental Health?
While probiotics are recognized for their potential gut health benefits, their direct impact on mental health is still an evolving area of research. The gut microbiome’s role in human health is increasingly understood, and ongoing studies continue to explore its effects on various conditions, including mental well-being.
What Are Probiotics?
Probiotics are live microorganisms that can benefit health when consumed. These microorganisms, often bacteria or yeast, are similar to the beneficial microbes naturally present in the human body. Common probiotics include strains of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus, found in yogurt, cheese, and pickled foods. Bifidobacterium bacteria and the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii are also types of probiotics. They are available in foods and dietary supplements like capsules, powders, and tablets.
How Do Probiotics Work?
Probiotics work by supporting the existing communities of microorganisms in the human body, also known as the human microbiota. These microorganisms help break down food, provide nutrients, and prevent colonization by harmful bacteria. Probiotics can help restore beneficial gut microbiota populations altered by antibiotics, which can kill both harmful and beneficial bacteria.
What Are the Risks of Taking Probiotics?
Probiotics are generally considered safe; however, they have been associated with bacteremia (bacterial infection of the blood) and fungemia (fungal infection of the blood) in individuals with compromised immune systems. Probiotic-associated bacteremia has been reported in individuals with severe ulcerative colitis. While probiotics have proven beneficial for preterm infants by reducing the likelihood of necrotizing enterocolitis, there have been documented cases of probiotic-associated sepsis.
What Research Is Being Done on the Human Microbiome?
Ongoing research on the human microbiome is expected to provide insights into human physiology and nutrition. A better understanding of nutritional requirements could lead to changes in dietary recommendations and food production. Studying the human microbiome may also lead to new diagnostic techniques and treatments for various human diseases and the development of industrial products based on substances produced by members of the human microbiota.
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